過去完成式

thepikeman

過去完成式 :  had + Vpp
過去完成進行式: had been + V-ing

1.        兩者動作皆已過去式陳述時，為強調先後，
先者用過去完成式，後者用過去式。
EX:  1) I was late. The teacher had already given a test when I got to class.
       2)By the time Mary arrived, Fred had already finished his work.

2.        兩者動作皆以過去式陳述時，若先發生動作先提時，可不用過去完成式，而僅以過去式表達即可。
EX:  1) I bought a watch, but I lost it.
       2) I lost the watch which I bought.

3.        After 與 before 因為很清楚的表達了先後順序，故可以用過去完成式，或過去式，但仍以過去完成式為主。
EX:  1) After the guest had left, I went to bed.
    = After the guest left, I went to bed.

4.        *重要句形 (一..就)
A)        As soon as 連接動作時，多用過去式,亦可用過去完成式.。
EX: As soon as she saw the sight, she burst into tears.

B)        下列句型中，先後次序很明顯(甚至是同時)，兩動詞都用過去式。
The moment    + S + Vpt , S + V pt   
The instant
The second
The minute
EX: The moment the thief saw the police, the thief took to his heels.

C)        下列句型若為否定副詞至句首須用倒裝句；並不再接否定句
No sooner had + S (1) +  Vpp + than       +  S(2) + Vpt
=  Hardly    had + S (1)+  Vpp + when(before) +  S(2) + Vpt
=  Scarcely   had+ S (1)+  Vpp +before (when) +  S(2) + Vpt   

I had no sooner arrived than it began to rain.
= No sooner had I arrived than it began to rain.
= I had hardly arrived than it began to rain.
= Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain.
= I had scarcely arrived when it began to rain.
= Scarcely had I arrived before it began to rain.
= The moment I arrived, it began to rain.

5.        過去完成進行式表動作之持續與延續
   EX: The whole area was flooded because it had rained for weeks.
        The whole area was flooded because it had been raining for weeks.

[ 本帖最後由 姿霖 於 2010-2-22 03:48 編輯 ]

starryya

謝謝,又多上了一課,
明明說中文最難學,為什麼我覺得英文也很難學,
尤其是語法的部分,每次錯都錯在過去式的使用,我都會寫成現在式,
這下要好好學起來.

k310

Thanks a lot.........

chono1

完成式算是挺難的一部分
需要再咀嚼一下囉

d9405401

謝謝大大的分享
真的是值得收藏
英文真的太重要了